Of All The Mental Duties Revealed About The Rat During

Of all the mental duties revealed about the rat during this book, the one that most interested me was direct reciprocity. This was the most intriguing information, because while generalized reciprocity would seem to be a higher functioning thought process, in reality direct reciprocity is far more complex. The animals must learn and understand reciprocal altruism. Not only are the animals required to learn that there is a causal relationship between cooperatively working together and receiving more rewards, there is an entire chain of events that must take place. In order to perform direct reciprocity a rat must be able to tell apart other rats, and keep a mental list. This list consists of all of the specific rats that have helped it in†¦show more content†¦In this instance migratory birds are able to learn a sort of mental compass. While many people would assume that this information is genetically encoded, that is impossible since celestial poles change every 27,000 years (far faster than evolution can update a bird s mental gps). Rather than have this information genetically encoded, the migratory birds are genetically prepared to learn this information. Nestlings spend a majority of their time watching the constellations, in order to map the stars. The quality and quantity of the material the baby birds must learn is fascinatingly impressive. The cherished notion on the uniqueness of human intelligence is an unfair assumption. Many people dwell upon these ideas in order to feel superiority and to justify actions. People would be far less willing to experiment on lab rats if they acknowledged the fact that they are intelligent. People typically regard animals as less intelligent than they really are because if they didn’t then it would create a cognitive dissonance. 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Overall, Steinbeck’s style of writing illustrates the lives of two men during the Great Depression and the strong connection of friendship they share through a struggle of life and the nature of being human. Protection of a friend depicts the American theme of two male counterparts. George watches over Lennie in protectionRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Ways in Which the Writers Present the Horrors of the War in Regeneration and Journeys End.2304 Words   |  10 Pagesuniversity-trained historian and this is confirmed by the presence of very reliable sources in the Authors Notes, at the end of the novel. It was written the 1980s which has enabled her to gather a lot of information about the war. Pats grandfather had been bayoneted during the war, and Pat would see his scars when he went to the sink to wash. His experiences in the war made influenced Barkers understanding of the period, making the effect of the war more immediate and personal. 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E-Commerce Servers and Their Associated Components

1) (This is a report so it may be a little longer and have more cites, be sure to credit all sources of information) Select a topic related to E-commerce technology, covered in Chapter 3 or 4 of the text, which you want to learn more about. Find at least two web resources that give you some information on that topic. Post links to those sites and give summaries of the new information you learned. Include some discussion as to why you chose this area and what more you would like to know. Discussion should continue on these topics throughout the week. The goal is for us all to reach some level of understanding regarding the topic you have selected. Please add 1 cite from the text book e-Commerce servers and their associated components including catalog management, pricing, product configuration and shopping workflows have the potential to change the business models of the smallest to the largest business. The increasing reliance on a single system of record for all e-commerce transactions, captured as part of an e-commerce server architecture, is now the direction many enterprise are taking in their design and integration of their e-commerce platforms (Capozzoli, True, 2001). In assessing current research in the area of e-commerce platforms, the role of integration strategies and their effect on the maturation of the entire e-commerce is readily apparent. The text indicates how pervasive the adoption of Web Services are for example in integrating diverse systems andShow MoreRelatedIntroduction Of An Online Purchase Application1439 Words   |  6 Pagesgiven automatically to the user in their corresponding email. Apart from the admirable functionality of the site, users should always be concerned about the security issues of the system. 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The rapid changing technology had provided the opportunity for the companies to reach to a wide variety of consumers not just across the nation but also throughout the world. Based on the observation of how a small-sized business can reach more clients spread across the world, one of the high achiever’s path was to have a user-friendly e-commerce website to keepRead More5: Electronic Commerce and Enterprise Resource Planning3381 Words   |  14 PagesChapter 05: Electronic and Mobile Commerce and Enterprise Systems TRUE/FALSE 1. The length of the sales process for the typical B2B sale is much longer and involves more decision makers than for the typical C2C sale. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: An Introduction To Electronic Commerce 2. The B2C market grabs more of the news headlines, but the B2B market is considerably larger and is growing more rapidly. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: An Introduction To Electronic Commerce 3. Forrester Research forecasts that

Nursing - senior project essay free essay sample

Although most people think they can get away with picking an easy topic for their senior projects it turns out to be a little more complex than that. Growing up my ideas and passions would always seem to be changing but when I finally became set in my ways at least in knowing what I would like to pursue the Nursing Program was up to par. I chose to do mine on Nursing in the ED (emergency department) because this is a field I would love to go into so I can be of service to those in need of any medical care, to always have a stable job to rely on, and further more to be able to excel in the field of medicine. I would love to be one of the people on call to respond to the needs of another individual in their time of need. Anyone could only imagine that feeling one would get after providing such an extraordinary service. Although the job seems like a walk in the park it takes many years of hard work and studying to get there. A registered nurse is responsible for the needs of patients suffering from illness or injury, and can provide care and cater to the needs of patients in a variety of settings, including operating rooms, ambulatory care, intensive care, physician’s offices, health care clinics or specialized practices. Most registered nurses can be found working in teams for health care facilities. Some of the positions involve little or no direct patient care and varying roles with health care staff, but the general responsibilities of a registered nurse can include: Observing and recording patient medical history and symptoms, Establishing a plan of care for patients or adding to an existing one then putting the plan into action, Managing and assigning tasks to licensed practical nurses and nursing assistant, Advising and providing emotional support for patients and their families (Guide to Becoming a Registered Nurse (RN).). If a nurse decides to  work outside of a health care facility there is a different set of nursing careers available to them. Some of these include clinical nurse specialists, nurse practitioners, nurse-midwives and nurse anesthetists. In all nursing education programs, students take courses in nursing, anatomy, physiology, microbiology, chemistry, nutrition, psychology and other social and  behavioral sciences, as well as in liberal arts. BSN program s typically take four years to complete; ADN and diploma programs usually take two to three years to complete. All programs also include supervised clinical experience in hospital departments such as pediatrics, psychiatry, maternity, and surgery. A number of programs include clinical experience in extended and long-term care facilities, public health departments, home health agencies, or ambulatory (walk-in) clinics. Bachelors degree programs usually include more training in the physical and social sciences, communication, leadership, and critical thinking, which is becoming more important as nursing practice becomes more complex. They also offer more clinical experience in nonhospital settings. A bachelors degree or higher is often necessary for administrative positions, research, consulting, and teaching. Generally, licensed graduates of any of the three types of education programs (bachelors, associate’s, or diploma) qualify for entry-level positions as a staff nurse.Many registered nurses with an ADN or diploma find an entry-level position and then take advantage of tuition reimbursement benefits to work toward a BSN by completing an RN-to-BSN program. There are also master’s degree programs in nursing, combined bachelor’s and master’s programs, and programs for those who wish to enter the nursing profession but hold a bachelor’s degree in another field. To make sure one can handle the conditions of this job you have to be in a good physical condition. The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an employee to successfully perform the essential functions of this job. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions. While performing the duties of this job, the employee is regularly required to stand and talk or hear. The employee is frequently required to walk; use hands to finger, handle, or feel; and reach forward with hands and arms. The employee is occasionally required to sit and stoop, kneel, or crouch. The employee must frequently lift and/or move up to 20 pounds and Because patients need round-the-clock care, working hours include days, nights, weekends and holidays. Nurses spend considerable time walking, bending, stretching and standing, so they must follow proper body mechanics to guard against injury. Because of the fast-paced and variable environment  of emergency rooms, ER Nurses must possess good stress coping skills and be able to relate to people of all ages and backgrounds. They must be able to work accurately around frequent interruptions. Nurses may face hazards from exposure to chemicals and infectious diseases. In addition, they treat patients that may be confused, irrational, agitated, and/or uncooperative. Along with all this you need. At a minimum for most entry-level emergency room (ER) nursing careers, applicants must have a diploma from an accredited Nursing degree program. However, most employers prefer to hire ER nurses who possess Associates or Bachelors degrees in nursing. Even more preferred are nurses who further their specialty by earning post-baccalaureate certificates in emergency nursing. Applicants also must be state licensed to practice as registered nurses (RNs). Emergency room nurses need strong  listening and communication skills. Because the job is unpredictable and requires quick thinking, nurses often need to make immediate decisions and pay close attention to detail. ER nurses also need be cautious and observe strict guidelines to guard against potentially disease transmission. Emergency rooms and hospitals operate 24 hours a day, and emergency room nurses are often expected to work irregular hours. As our economy starts coming to a slow halt in most career fields, the medical field is alive and well in every category. Registered nurses who work in general medical and surgical hospitals, including trauma nurses, made an average of $66,650 per year in 2010, as reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Geographic location, career demand, job experience, and benefits packages all impact the amount that you can make in this career. The job outlook for nurses is quite good, with 26th percent growth expected between 2010 and 2020. However, that growth is expected to be strongest in outpatient centers and private physicians’ offices, rather than hospitals and emergency rooms, so growth may not be as strong for trauma nurses as for nurses in other specialties. A nurse has significant opportunities to advance into management and similar roles. If you find that you prefer the fast-paced life on the floor of the ER, you can advance by taking on more responsibilities or transferring to a busier facility. If you find that the   environment of the ER is not for you, you can take your experience and use it in other branches of nursing. The skills you gain working in the trauma field will help you in many nursing areas. In most jobs that people decide to go after once they arrive there isn’t very many options of higher education, as well as higher pay. A trauma nurse has significant opportunities to advance into management and similar roles. If they prefer the fast-paced life on the floor of the ER, they can advance by taking on more responsibilities or transferring to a busier facility. If they find that the environment of the ER is not for them, they can take your experience and use it in other branches of nursing. . The skills one can gain working in the trauma field will help them in many nursing careers (Career). Within these higher ranked jobs, comes a substantial increase in ones salary. The only downfall is that to make this amount of money, two years of additional school will be required. In conclusion I chose to do my research paper on Nursing in the ED (Emergency Department) because it has been the most intriguing field of study that I have come across. Over the years my job choices have differentiated but Nursing has been the one for me. Nursing is a field I would love to go into so I can be of service to those in need of any medical care, to always have a stable job to rely on, and further more to be able to excel in the field of medicine. I have realized on my job shadowing experience that this is the field of study that I will more than likely go into. Although the money is good, and it opens many doors in the medical field if one does not have the right motives for choosing this it will be all for nothing.

Table clinic paper on Oral piercings Essay Example

Table clinic paper on Oral piercings Paper Abstract Oral piercing is defined as penetration of jewelry into soft oral tissues including the lips, cheeks, tongue, and uvula. The broad acceptance of oral piercings among young people has raised the concern of dental and medical professionals due to the accompanying complications and risks to both oral and general health of the patient. The wounds created during the process of piercing increases the risk of oral infection by allowing a large number of bacteria to enter the bloodstream. Additional bacteria can also be introduced into the wound through the handling of the jewelry. During the healing process a patient should be advised by their dentist or hygienist to maintain meticulous oral health care in order to prevent infections and other serious complications. ORAL PIERCINGS 3 Infections Due to Oral Piercings According to the American Journal of Clinical Dermatology â€Å"Infection is the most common complication that occurs in up to 20% of all body piercings† (Holbrook, Minocha, and Laumann, 2012, p. 2). Individuals are getting oral piercings for many different reasons, but they may not take into account the long-term effects and /or potential risk of infection to their oral cavity and overall health. Oral piercings are defined as penetration of jewelry into openings of soft oral tissues including the lips, cheeks, tongue, and uvula. According to Dr. Balzac in his article on oral piercings, â€Å"there are two types of tongue piercings dorsoventral and dorsolateral. † The dorsoventral is more common and the safer of the two types of tongue piercings. It involves inserting the jewelry from the top to the bottom of the tongue whereas, the dorsolateral piercing is made through the width of the tongue. Most piercers will not perform the dorsolateral piercing because of the heavily vascularized blood vessels which create a higher  risk of trauma. We will write a custom essay sample on Table clinic paper on Oral piercings specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Table clinic paper on Oral piercings specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Table clinic paper on Oral piercings specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As for lip piercings, they can be placed anywhere on the lips, including the vermillion border which is where the lip tissue meets the skin. The most common site for lip piercings is the side of the lower lip near the corners of the mouth where the lips meet. There are other oral piercings such as; cheek piercings (known as dimples), and those in the frenum, (known as web piercings) (Balzac, n. d. ). These piercings are alternate forms and less common than the tongue and lip piercings. The uvula (appendix A) piercing is the least common due to the difficulty of performing the piercing. These piercings cause substantial  risk to the health of an individual. ORAL PIERCINGS 4 There are multiple reasons why individuals are getting oral piercings. In the Journal of Investigative Clinical Dentistry, it states that â€Å"Dental health-care professionals need to be aware of the procedures and risks involved with oral piercings and the social and psychological reasons that lead people to engage in this practice, regardless of the risks† (Singh, and Tuli, 2012, p. 95). One of the reasons individuals get oral piercings is because they are associated with fashion trends. Some people may think that it is â€Å"cute† to get their lip pierced showing off a fashion statement. Another reason is to signify self-expression. This is seen mostly in the teenage populations for the need to be seen or the need to stand out. Certain groups such as gothic might have specific piercings that play a part of the group’s identity. Gothic people tend to wear dark clothing, makeup, and have an abundance of oral piercings. Oral piercings tend to help certain individuals seek something different from normal, or an expression of art. Lastly, people may get oral piercings because of the perception of being daring or a risk taker. Oral piercings can portray the act of breaking the rules or rebelling. This may be a way for the individual to stand out or seek attention, like they are â€Å"trouble† makers. The broad acceptance of oral piercing among young people has raised the concern of dental and medical professionals due to the accompanying complications and risks to their oral and general health. In 1998, the American Dental Association (ADA) issued a statement opposing the practices of intraoral and perioral piercing because of the risk of potential complications associated (2014). Although there are risks of potential complications with oral piercings, infection can occur instantaneously and progress to severe health problems. According to the article Mouth Jewelry, Oral Piercings and Your Health, â€Å"There is a risk of oral infection associated with oral piercings due to the wound created, the vast amount of ORAL PIERCINGS 5 bacteria in the mouth, and the introduction of bacteria from handling the jewelry (Mouth Jewelry, Oral Piercings and Your Health, 2011). The tongue is covered with bacteria, and when pierced, that bacteria can get in the bloodstream and underlying tissues. This process can cause serious infections (Appendix A). Unfortunately, tongue jewelry wearers may not be aware of a problem since the symptoms of infection, such as swelling, are similar to the  aftereffects of piercings. Constantly playing with and manipulating jewelry once its been placed in the mouth increases the chances of getting an infection. In the article Microbiological Findings at Tongue Piercing sites–Implications to Oral Health, signs of acute infection would include bleeding, inflammation, erythema, and heat. The symptoms of pain and inflammation from the initial trauma of the piercing can affect speech, chewing, breathing, and swallowing (Ziebolz, Proff, Hornecker, and Mausberg, 2012, p. 258). Acute infections of the oral cavity occurring over a long period of time result in a chronic  infections. The International Journal of Dental Hygiene states that â€Å"because of the vast variety of microorganisms in the oral cavity, it is not unlikely that infections and inflammation may occur at the perforation site. Therefore, it seems possible that the pierced site provides a permanent route of entry for microorganisms and may cause a localized or even a systemic infection anytime† (Ziebolz, Proff, Hornecker, and Mausberg, 2012, p. 258). It is important for the dental professional to be well educated on the complications and risks that can occur with oral piercings. Oral piercings can cause some unfortunate diseases, one of them being endocarditis. Endocarditis, also known as infective endocarditis, is an infection caused by the introduction of oral bacteria into the bloodstream where it travels to the heart (Friedman, 2014). Endocarditis causes inflammation of the heart and weakens the heart valves. In a study ORAL PIERCINGS 6 published in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology, it was noted that between 1960 and 1999, there were only 36 reported cases of endocarditis in people with normal hearts (Ramadan, et al. , 2000 Oct). Those with pre-existing heart problems are more at risk for endocarditis  because of the increased risk for infection. Common symptoms of endocarditis include fever, chills, nausea, decreased appetite, weight loss, and a full feeling in the upper part of the stomach. More severe symptoms include enlarged spleen, swollen feet, legs, blood in urine, swollen stomach, and shortness of breath (Friedman, 2014). Signs and symptoms vary from person to person depending on the specific bacteria, fungus, or microorganism that they have been infected with. When diagnosing endocarditis a blood test should be performed to confirm what microorganism is responsible as well as an echocardiogram to see if the heart has been  damaged. Endocarditis caused by bacteria is treated by antibiotics until the infection is gone; this on average takes six weeks. Damage to the heart would require surgery to remove damaged heart valves and replace them with artificial heart valves. Patients with artificial heart valves are usually prescribed antibiotics to be taken 1 hour prior to the dental treatment to prevent spread of bacteria to the heart preventing potential infection. This antibiotic premedication should be determined by the individual’s physician (Friedman, 2014). Another infection that can be caused by oral piercings is Ludwig’sAngina. Ludwig’s  Angina is a severe infection of the floor of the mouth and mandible caused by bacteria (Appendix A). The diagnosis is usually based on clinical observation where the head, tongue and neck will appear red and swollen. If these visual signs aren’t present, then there are other ways of diagnosis which include a CT scan or an MRI. Symptoms include swelling of the ORAL PIERCINGS 7 tongue, neck pain, and breathing problems. â€Å"Ludwig’s angina can lead to more serious complications including, airway blockage or sepsis, a severe inflammatory responds to bacteria† (Pietrangelo, 2012). Symptoms may vary from person to person. It’s crucial to  recognize and get treatment for this condition before serious complications occur. For severe inflammation, the first line of treatment in a patient with Ludwig’s Angina would be to clear the airway. This can be done by inserting a breathing tube through the mouth or nose into the lungs or by performing a tracheotomy. Surgery is sometimes performed to drain excess fluids that are responsible for the severe swelling of the oral cavity. The most common cure for this condition is antibiotics to fight off the infection (Pietrangelo, 2012). When prescribed an antibiotic, it is essential to take the entire dose as prescribed to  prevent bacterial resistance. Although infection can be a severe complication that can develop, there are other harmful effects that can occur with oral piercings. People with tongue piercings may develop mouth ulcers from constant irritation. These ulcers can result in oral cancer if the area is constantly irritated over a long period of time. There is a need for more cell reproduction to replenish the cell population due to the damaged cells in the area of irritation. According to WebMD, with an increased cell production there is an increased chance of cell mutation or cancer cells (Friedman, 2014). If  the lesion is caught early, then it is more likely to be benign or non-cancerous and treated by surgical excision. On the other hand, if the lesion has not been detected for a long period of time, it has a higher chance of being malignant or cancerous. A malignant lesion can sometimes be treated and removed with surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy. This may ORAL PIERCINGS 8 or may not be life threatening, depending on how far the cancer has metastasized and how soon the cancerous lesion was detected and treated. â€Å"Oral piercings are a potential risk factor for the transmission of diseases like herpes B  and C, HIV, and the herpes simplex virus† (Academy of General Dentistry, 2010). These diseases can be transmitted via poorly sterilized instruments, the contamination of jewelry, and virus entering the piercing site. The transmission of disease is extremely rare via the oral piercing, but has been known to happen. â€Å"Although any piercing is prone to infection or disease transmission, a recent study in the Journal of Adolescent Health (January 2011) found that stainless steel jewelry can accumulate more microorganisms than jewelry made from plastics such as Teflon (or polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)† (Academy of General Dentistry,  2010). This study shows that there is a higher risk of infection and disease transmission when wearing metal jewelry. Pulpal sensitivity can occur from the contact between the galvanic currents in the stainless steel jewelry and other intraoral metals (Balzac, n. d. ). Other risks and complications can occur with oral piercings such as nerve damage, but is rare when compared to injury to teeth and gingival recession. The penetration of the needle through the tissue can more often cause temporary but sometimes permeant nerve damage. The loss of taste and feeling can be part of this temporary or permanent nerve damage. Injury to teeth can happen when teeth and jewelry come into contact with force (Appendix A). This can cause gingival recession, cracked, or chipped teeth. Stated by WebMD, â€Å"Forty- seven percent of people who have worn tongue jewelry for four or more years have chipped teeth† (Friedman, 2014). Gingival recession can cause hypersensitivity because of the exposed roots (Appendix A). The dentin, underlying the thin layer of cementum, can be ORAL PIERCINGS 9 exposed if there is recession and an individual is brushing too hard wearing away the cementum. The dentin contains thousands of tiny tubules that lead to the center of the tooth,  which is where the nerve is located. This allows for stimuli to affect the nerve more readily, which creates sensitivity with hot, cold, or sweet foods. Not only can recession cause tooth sensitivity, but can progress in its more severe form to cause tooth mobility or tooth loss. Cracked or chipped teeth then could result in trauma to the gingiva such as a laceration. This lacerated tissue could proceed to infection or ulcers from repeated irritation and trauma that could develop into oral cancer. Individuals are getting oral piercings for many different reasons, but they may not take  into account the long-term effects and /or potential risk of infection to their oral cavity and overall health. During the healing process, which is four to six weeks for tongue piercings and between one and two months for lip piercings, the individual should be advised by their dentists or hygienist to stay on top of their oral health care to avoid infections and other serious complications. If an individual were to decide to proceed with oral piercings, there are essential steps to follow to maintain the piercing and keep it clean. According to Dr. Balzac in his article Oral Piercings, â€Å"to help protect your teeth it is recommended that the  jewelry should be removed before each meal, as well as before bedtime and after the piercing has fully healed† (n. d. ). Some piercing parlors sell plugs that can be placed in the hole when the jewelry is removed. After the tongue has healed following the piercing, remove the jewelry each night and brush it using the same brushing technique that teeth would be brushed. â€Å"Avoid things such as, alcohol, smoking or tobacco use, spicy foods, and hard and sticky foods† (Mouth Jewelry, Oral Piercings and Your Health, 2011). Use an antiseptic mouthwash after every meal to decrease the number of bacteria in the oral cavity. Dr. Balzac ORAL PIERCINGS 10 suggests â€Å"removing the jewelry before any strenuous activity to avoid traumatic injury to the teeth from metal studs, which can lead to tooth fracture and chipping (n. d. ). So, if an individual were to insist on getting an oral piercing, as long as their mouth stays free of infection and their oral piercings do not interfere with normal function, there shouldn’t be any issue with having an oral piercing. The most important recommendation though, would be to see the dentist and/or hygienist regularly so they can evaluate the health of the oral cavity and the piercing. Resources Academy of General Dentistry. (2010). Piercing Warning. In Englewood Dental. Retrieved September 9, 2014, from http://englewooddental. com/piercing-warning. htm ORAL PIERCINGS 11 Academy of General Dentistry. (2010, March). Tongue piercing. In Delta Dental. Retrieved September 8, 2014, from http://www. deltadentalins. com/oral_health/tongue_piercing. html American Dental Association. (2014). Oral Piercings. In Mouth Healthy. Retrieved September 9, 2014, from http://www. mouthhealthy. org/en/az-topics/o/oral-piercings Balzac, F. (n. d. ). Oral Piercing. In Consumer Guide to Dentistry. Retrieved September 9,  2014, from http://www. yourdentistryguide. com/piercing/ Friedman, M. (2014, May 22). Dental Health and Oral Piercing. In WebMD. Retrieved September 9, 2014, from http://www. webmd. com/oral-health/guide/oral-piercing? page=2 Holbrook, J. , Minocha, J. , Laumann, A. (2012). Body Piercing. American journal of clinical dermatology,13(1), 1-17. Mouth Jewelry, Oral Piercings and Your Health. (2011, December 12). In The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Retrieved September 9, 2014, from http://my. clevelandclinic. org/health Pietrangelo, A. (2012, September 11). Ludwigs Angina. In Healthline. Retrieved September  9, 2014, from http://www. healthline. com/health/ludwigs-angina#Overview1 Ramadan, F. B. Beanlands, D. S. , Burwash, I. G. (2000). Isolated pulmonic valve endocarditis in healthy hearts: a case report and review of the literature. The Canadian journal of cardiology, 16(10), 1282-1288. ORAL PIERCINGS 12 Singh, A. , Tuli, A. (2012). Oral piercings and their dental implications: a mini review. Journal Of Investigative Clinical Dentistry, 3(2), 95-97. doi:10. 1111/j. 2041- 1626. 2011. 00108. x The piercing truth about tongue splitting and oral jewelry. (2012). Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA), 143(7), 814. Ziebolz, D. , Hornecker, E. , Mausberg, R. F. (2009). Microbiological findings at tongue piercing sites–implications to oral health. International journal of dental hygiene, 7(4), 256-262. Appendix A ORAL PIERCINGS 13 Uvula piercing Infection associated with an oral piercing ORAL PIERCINGS 14 Tongue piercing in an 18-year-old male without oral hygiene. There is visible plaque and calculus deposition around the bar of the tongue. Individual with Ludwig’s Angina Picture of chipped #25 and #8 from an oral piercing and associated trauma ORAL PIERCINGS 15 Gingival recession lingual #24 and #25 from an oral piercing.

Essay on Research Review Report10

Essay on Research Review Report10 Essay on Research Review Report10 Research Review Report 10th October 2014 Table of Contents Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 2 Topic .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Critical Evaluation and Theory Application ......................................................................... 3 Affective Transfer .................................................................................................................. 3 Emotional Labour .................................................................................................................. 3 Performance Motivation ........................................................................................................ 4 Store Busyness ............ ........................................................................................................... 4 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 5 References ................................................................................................................................. 6 Page 1 Research Review Report 10th October 2014 Introduction Environmental psychology observed that humans respond and interact to specific surrounding environments. A consequence of these interactions are the conscious or subconscious feelings created from one’s perceptions. The ‘Mehrabian-Russel stimulus-response’ model (cited in Lovelock, Patterson & Wirtz, 2011) illustrated, that feelings trigger behaviours. Subsequently, Lovelock, Patterson and Wirtz (2011) perceived that feelings are actually a critical and important element in the creation of successful service environments. This report review was based on the interaction between employees and customers with specific emphasis on affective transfer (emotional exchange) and performance motivation (service behaviours) during a service encounter. The review focused on internal responses (being cognitive, emotional and psychological) of employees and clients based on the ‘servicescape’ model developed by Bitner (1992, cited in Lovelock, Patterson & Wirtz, 2011). Topic The article under review: Grandey, A. A., Goldberg, L. S. & Douglas Pugh S. (2011). Why and when do stores with satisfied employees have satisfied customers?: The roles of responsiveness and store busyness. Journal of Service Research, (14)4, 397-409. doi:10.1177/1094670511410304 The article examined how customer satisfaction is effected by employee satisfaction. Two main aspects were explored to this effect: affective transfer and performance motivation. The article expanded further with an analysis of the relationship between store busyness and customer satisfaction. Initially the article studied the affective transfer (emotional contagion) that linked employees and customers in their interaction. Emotional contagion is described as the conscious or subconscious (primitive emotional contagion) transfer of emotions from one person to another (Hennig-Thurau, Groth, Paul, & Gremler, 2006). Through this process of direct interaction, Grandey, Goldberg and Douglas Pugh (2011) observed that frontline employees give off an ‘affective trace’ that directly influences customers’ experience. Another aspect explored by Grandey, Goldberg and Douglas Pugh (2011) was the indirect effect of satisfied employees with the quality of service offered. Described by Grandey, Goldberg and Douglas Pugh (2011) as the ‘performance explanation’, the paper verified the principles of the service-profit chain where satisfied employees provided a higher quality service to their patrons

Three reasons why personal training is the best job for college students

Three reasons why personal training is the best job for college students If you’re a college student, you’ll probably agree when I say that finding a job that lets you balance your schedule around your classes and makes a decent income is really challenging. But what if there was a job that allowed you to work around your own schedule, could bring in upwards of $50 an hour, and could be turned into an actual full-time career? I have good news; there is a career just like this: a certified personal trainer.Here are some of the benefits of becoming a certified personal trainer while you’re in college. 1. Certifications can be earned in a few monthsI know what you’re thinking: â€Å"more classes and coursework while I’m in college? Ugh.† While this is true, think more about the investment you are making in yourself, as well as the flexibility the future will hold, than the prerequisites for getting certified. You also must consider the potential pay of this part-time gig, but we’ll get more into that below.Get ting a nationally accredited personal training certification from a major company like NASM, ACE, or Fitness Mentors can be accomplished in a few short months. You can register for an exam before you go into college (i.e., your summer after high school), while in college, or during summer break and knock out your studies, so they don’t overlap with your regular semesters.Certification will allow you to get a variety of different personal training jobs such as within gyms, as a self-employed trainer, or even on your college campus. Even more beneficial, the skills you’ll learn in exercise science and nutrition will be valuable for your entire life.2. Flexible job marketThere are several places of employment for the certified personal trainer. The most popular of these is obvious: at the gym.But outside of the gym, there are a lot of different places to get a job as a personal trainer. Your college campus may have athlete training programs that you can apply to, but you can also find jobs at retirement communities, local country clubs, condo associations, major hotels, and resorts, at athletic performance centers (outside the college), via online training, and of course, the entrepreneurial route as a self-employed trainer. The list goes on!Depending on your place of employment you may very well be able to train on the days that you have availability. For example, in college, I trained on Tuesdays and Thursdays as well as on the weekends and scheduled my classes on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. I also mixed in a job as a personal trainer at a local gym alongside some private personal training clients.While flexibility is one of the best aspects of a personal training job for a college student, the pay is what is really appealing.3. Personal trainers can work less, and make moreWhen you think of typical college jobs working at the local juice bar or coffee shop, you’re probably lucky if you make $8 an hour. While this may work for some, w hat’s even more appealing about a job as a personal trainer is that you can make considerably more without having to clock in as many hours.The tradeoff is the initial expenses and investment of time in getting certified, but when you read about the potential income, you’ll understand. Take a job at Equinox for example. The personal trainer salary for their lowest tier trainers is $26 an hour. That’s more than double the hourly rate you’d get at a decent entry-level college job and likely to be more than three times what the minimum wage is in your state. At the YMCA, trainers make $15 to $28 per session.It can get even better if you do private personal training. If you run your own personal training business and build your clientele, it’s not uncommon to charge upwards of $50 an hour as an entry-level trainer and more than $100 an hour for a more experienced trainer.You could theoretically make $200 a week and only work four hours. Compare this to working 20 hours at some part-time job and making the same!Work smarter, not harder in collegeAs your parents have probably told you 100 times, â€Å"college is supposed to be one of the best times of your life.† Nobody ever said, â€Å"working in college is the best time of your life,† so why not consider a college job that allows you to make a decent income but also allows you more time for your social life?Consider a job in personal training and how helping people meet their health and wellness goals can also help you reach your personal goals. Learn more about other part-time jobs or search jobs in your area today.About the Author:Eddie Lester is a personal trainer from Los Angeles and the Founder and CEO of Fitness Mentors. With over 10 years of experience and eight different certifications and specializations, as well as multiple years of teaching training at a vocational college, Lester loves sharing his knowledge of practical training experience as well as how to study for PT exams. Lester is the author of Business and Sales: The Guide to Success as a Personal Trainer.

Principles of the Law of Negligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principles of the Law of Negligence - Essay Example The plaintiff argued that the defendant’s negligence (snail infested beer) caused her grievous emotional harm (shock) and extreme gastroenteritis. In her argument, she argued that the manufacturer was liable because he had manufactured beer that was meant for the consumption by the general public and which led to her illness. In fact, the bottle was labelled under his name, thus proving ownership of the beer and its contents. In addition, the beer was sealed before consumption meaning that the contents of the bottle (ginger beer and the snail) could be traced directly to Stevenson. Therefore, the defendant had a duty of care to Donoghue because she was directly harmed by his actions and the defendant should have had a check mechanism in place to ensure that the ginger beer was safe for public consumption. Since Stevenson failed to do this, he was liable for negligence. The plaintiff was unsuccessful in trial but her case was appealed in the House of Lords where it was ruled in her favor on grounds of the neighbor principle. In his judgement, Lord Atkins asserted that one should take reasonable care to ensure that one’s actions do not harm their neighbor.In short, one should not intentionally harm their neighbor in foresight, as they will be found to be negligent for any grievous harm inflicted on their neighbors due to their actions/ omissions. In this case, neighbors refer to people who are foreseeably affected in reasonable degree by a person’s omissions or actions.

Genius and Intellectual Mentality in America Essay

Genius and Intellectual Mentality in America - Essay Example The program The Big Bang Theory is a social experiment that is not only entertaining, but reveals a great deal about a sub-culture that has emerged that is child-like in their social habits, but have intellects that exceed the average. The Big Bang Theory revolves around four males and one female. The four males all work at the same university as research scientists and two of them live in an apartment as roommates. The third male lives with his mother and the fourth male lives in an apartment by himself. A more detailed character analysis will be within this essay, just as it will be important for clear definitions to be created for the words nerd and geek, which is the foundation of the identities of the four male characters. It is in the conflict between the social status of the men to the young woman that provides the opportunity for humor and social exploration. Definitions According to Anderegg, the definitions of a nerd or a geek are often interchangeable, but the specific def initions are actually quite different. A nerd is defined by someone who tends to be focused on academics and as a result is socially awkward. A geek is defined by someone who is more focused on sub-cultures that are not as socially accepted, but are still part of pop culture. Anderegg states that â€Å"nerds and geeks possess arcane knowledge that few other people possess† (n.p.). The types of knowledge that they have often mean extensions of popular culture products, which can mean computer and electronics. This also includes playing games such as World of Warcraft, collecting action figures, reading and becoming absorbed in alternative universes through books, comic books, and graphic novels, as well as being fans of cult favorite programs such as Star Trek, Stargate, and Battlestar Galactica. One of the reasons that nerds and geeks are attracted to alternative universes is that they are not completely comfortable in the social structures of the real world. In learning abou t and inserting themselves in the fantasies of new universes, the possibilities of being a welcomed member or an imagined hero allows for the social awkwardness to be minimized (Pustz 250). In learning about those who engage in online gaming, it is possible to see that the social problems of not having the appearance of a sexually attractive body falls away with the opportunity to build an avatar that allows the individual to express their identity in a safe space, where it is arguably easier to become the more authentic self. In creating and ‘living’ a life in a fantasy world, the social problems that have impeded them from expressing themselves is melted away and they can sink or swim according to who they are on the inside (Waggoner 10). Character Analyses The lead character who exhibits the most realistic characteristics and against whom the caricatures of the other three males are balanced is Leonard. Leonard is played by Johnny Galecki who previously was on the Am erican program Rosanne, which also was a reflection of contemporary culture (IMDB). He has a realistic appearance which is not overly good looking, nor unattractive. Through the prop of a pair of glasses that dangle near the end of his nose, only to be repeatedly pushed up again, he is transformed

A research proposal on sporting and its personal development Essay Example for Free

A research proposal on sporting and its personal development Essay The usual playing adds little value to an individual. Sport, however, helps in the development of athletic as well as the physical abilities. Sports involve team work which adds value to the social context of an individual, the way of relationship with team members and how one perceives himself. The presence of a coach in a game helps in the control of various lessons that sportsmen learn in the field of play. The coaches help in the examination of values, designing of activities considering various results as well as leading through examples. This work will address various types of development related to sports including â€Å"physical, intellectual, social, and emotional as well as moral capabilities† (Barez 2008). Problem statement Different people have different opinions on sports and sporting activities. However, it is well known that sports lead to development of certain positive qualities including self discipline, dedication and leadership skills through the competitive participation in various events. On the other, a number of people also argue that sports do not have a positive result on character development due to the win ego. In this case, the mentality for a must win leads to unethical behaviors including excessive cheating, aggressiveness and drug abuse. This makes the real value of sports very complex and worth a discussion topic on this paper. However, the pros outdo the cons and the paper will discuss on sports as a development activity. Sports help in the physical development through balancing the mind, body as well as the spirit (Holt 2008). Literature review  In the early childhood as Bares (2008) states, sporting which is mostly in form of play helps in learning skills including running and jumping as well as balancing. This also helps in gaining and development of social, emotional, moral and cognitive competencies. This helps the children to learn the rights and the wrongs. As a result this develops the individual creativity in addition to the physical development (Bares 2008). In this case, winning is not the major factor but the child engages in sporting activities for fun, enjoyment and normal participation. In this case, success is contributed through fun and creativity. The participation in various roles under different games helps in stimulation of the child creativity and imagination. The children are in a position of exploring as well as interacting with the environment. This is in addition to testing their motor skills, interaction and solving of problem individually (Holt 2008). In the middle childhood, sporting becomes a regular activity for children. Sporting helps in development of confidence in various areas including â€Å"social, emotional, mental and physical aspects. † This helps them in mastering and neglecting the negative influences. Sporting at this level also help in cooperation and competition that are constructive. In addition, it works in the independence in solving conflicts and being responsible (Murphy 2005). During the early adolescent stage, the children experience various body developments and this could be coupled with emotional stress and instability. Sporting helps the teenagers to control their emotions and making of responsible choices. During sporting activities, the exchange of information helps in development of communication skills which helps them in expression and solving of problems (Barez 2008). Sporting helps in literal interpretation and respect where one learns to adhere to various rules. There is a schedule that must be followed for exercising and this works in building of responsibility where one should also be committed and able to persevere. During various competitions, sporting helps the teenagers to develop self control as well as respecting others where one is able to accept wins with humility as well as losing. Teammates are supportive and this with various other traits goes beyond the field to the individual ways of living (Murphy 2005). In the late adolescent, according to Barez (2008), sporting plays a major role where teenagers are involved in various decisions making including â€Å"personal relationships, higher education, vocational training and career activities. Various hardships like â€Å"unemployment, financial strains, career confusion, unsatisfactory work experiences and lack of family support† among others pose a great threat to individual life. Sporting helps in provision of increased levels of self esteem, perseverance and self discipline. Sporting helps in supporting self competence and independence. However, sporting in itself is also a career and work as source of income. Through sporting one establishes his personal goals as well as career objectives (Barez 2008). Conclusion  Sporting is a major part of personal life which helps in achievement of high life standards and expectations. First, sporting acts as a motivational tool which works in encouragement and development of effective learning methods. It helps one to have specific life goals and objectives by focusing on training goals which calls for self discipline and responsibility. One is able to work without supervision with consistency which calls for commitment for performance. One is able to undergo great perseverance and can approach problems with confidence.

Bigger Thomas, of Native Son and Tupac Shakur Essays -- Richard Wright

"Negro writers must accept the nationalist implications of their lives, not in order to encourage them, but in order to change and transcend them. They must accept the concept of nationalism because, in order to transcend it, they must posses and understand it." -- Richard Wright In 1996, famed rapper and entertainer Tupac Shakur[1] was gunned down in Las Vegas. Journalistic sentiment at the time suggested he deserved the brutal death. The New York Times headline, "Rap Performer Who Personified Violence, Dies," suggested Shakur, who was twenty five when he died, deserved his untimely death. - (Pareles, 1996) A product of a fatherless home, raised poor in the ghettos of San Francisco, Shakur, notes Ernest Harding of the L.A. Weekly, "lived in a society that still didn't view him a[s] human, that projected his worst fears onto him; [so] he had to decide whether to battle that or embrace it." (Hardy, 1996) As these fears forced Shakur into a corner, Shakur, in the music magazine Vibe, alludes to his own interior battle noting "there's two nigga's inside me," adding "one wants to live in peace, and the other won't die unless he's free." (All Eyes on Him, 1996) While many of his lyrics sensationalized gang violence and ghetto politics, dramatizing the murder of fe llow African Americans and, especially, police officers, he also labored over trying to come to grips with African American self-realization, breaking free from imposed societal chains. Unfortunately, as Barry Glassner muses in his book The Culture of Fear (1999), ï ¿ ½it seems to me at once sad, inexcusable, and entirely symptomatic of the culture of fear that the only version of Tupac Shakur many Americans knew was a frightening and unidimensional caricature.ï ¿ ½ (127) In o... ...ttman, S. (2001). What Bigger Killed For: Rereading Violence Against Women in Native Son. Texas Studies in Literature and Language 43.2 , 169-193. Hardy, E. (1996, September 20). Do Thug Niggaz Go to Heaven? L.A. Weekly , p. 51. Lena, J. C. (2006). Social Context and Musical Content of Rap Music, 1979-1995. Social Forces 85.1 , 479-495. Pareles, J. (1996, September 12). Tupac Shakur, 25, Rap Performer Who Personified Violence, Dies. New York Times , pp. A1, 34. Saddik, A. J. (2003). Rap's Unruly Body: The Postmodern Performance of Black Male Identity On the American Stage. The Drama Review 47.4 , 110-127. Shakur, Tupac. "Words of Wisdom, Crooked Ass Nigga." 2pacalypse Now. 1991. Shakur, Tupac. "God Bless the Dead." Greatest Hits. 1998. Wright, R. (1940 Reissued in Harper Perennial Modern Classics in 2005). Native Son. New York: HarperCollins.

Women and Minorities in Law Enforcement

Women and Minorities in Law Enforcement Response Throughout policing history women and minorities have gone through so many changes as they tried to become law enforcers. In the beginning, when women and minorities were allowed to become police officers they would be hired but given lighter duties or assigned to lower crime areas. They weren’t given much opportunity to go out and experience first hand how everything was on the streets since the majority of law enforcers back then were males.They worked more as social workers and it took a long time for them to be out on the streets fighting off crime. Over time their role in law enforcement has changed dramatically, back then they weren’t allowed to have higher ranks or work out on the field or basically do any job that was considered a men’s job (due to physical strength or upper body strength that men had and women didn’t). As time went on they were allowed to have higher ranks and given more opportuniti es, they were allowed to do what most male officers were doing at the time. There were associations made for women and minorities.One such association mentioned in the book is called: The International Association of Policewomen. Laws were created as well to enforce the hiring of racial and gender minorities as well as affirmative action policies. Affirmative action policies required that police departments create more than equal opportunities for everyone. They pressed that the police departments should hire minorities. Affirmative action basically ensured that those who had previously been excluded from particular types of employment would now have the access to those jobs.All law enforcement agencies that didn’t follow the affirmative action policies would face civil suits from the individuals who were denied that job. The hiring of minorities and women changed the role of modern policing as everything had to be changed to give way to minorities and women. For example: Phy sical agility tests and Written tests. As mentioned in the book: Policewomen and policemen are different in three key areas; policewomen do not draw their weapons as frequently; they use less physical force; and they are better at handling domestic violence calls. Grant & Terny, 2008) The positive things about this integration are that many acts were made that required equal opportunities for women and minorities. Also, the police force no longer consisted of just men but women as well and so whenever there are victims that are women the female police officers could talk to them and they’d be a lot more comfortable to release information. As well as when they are going to be searched. People of different ethnic backgrounds made it now possible as well to talk to certain victims who didn’t know the English language.The negatives are that many things had to be changed in the force, from physical agility tests to written tests, and even how things are done in a department because of this integration. Sexual harassment in the workplace became an issue; there were so many debates to whether women could perform jobs. Also women were looked at negatively and as not being able to perform the job, they were usually harassed or talked down upon by victims being arrested. The importance of women in policing should not be overlooked because they bring huge changes to every police department and are intelligent people.They are willing to refrain from pulling out their guns to resolve an issue and really do try their best to resolve it by talking to the individual. They have better communication skills and are less aggressive and I feel they are more responsible. In conclusion, the integration of minorities and women has changed so much for law enforcement and in so many ways it made it better because it’s only fair that all different races and people of different backgrounds were allowed to become a police officer if they met the requirements. Women or men alike can help keep our communities safe if they work together.

Summary of Sunday in the Park

Bell Kaufman brings into focus a wife's resentment against the seeming impotence of her husband against a bully. The husband, Morton, backs off from the other man whose child has been bullying their own little boy. Back home, the wife appears to submit to the logic of non-violence adopted by her husband, but when their child, sickly and fragile, is having tantrums, the exasperated Morton threatens it with punishment. The wife snaps and taunts her husband as the bully did.By tradition, women regard their men as their protector, whether from beasts or there men. They want their husbands to be brave and willing to thwart aggressors at the risk of their own lives. Civilization, however, has softened man : the rule of law has done away with the need for a person to assert his rights by force. The peaceful, non-confrontational type of male has become the norm In our society. Nevertheless, most women still expect their men to be strong and brave, able to defend his family and his honor.By t aunting Morton In the manner of the bully when he threatened to punish their son, the wife shows her scorn for the weakling In her husband, her utter nonempty for Moron's backing off from a fight he possibly could not win. Being physically weaker and more vulnerable, women naturally look up to men to perform the more tedious, physically demanding work, to hunt for food and game, to fight the battles in defense of home and tribe, dying if necessary. Down through the ages, society has always had this expectation of men. Primitive society placed supreme emphasis on courage and physical power.Men who proved their superiority in battle or the hunt were chosen leaders. They also took unto themselves the most desirable males, a woman being naturally drawn to someone who could protect her against interlopers or the dangers of the wild, not a weakling whom the people of the tribe looked down upon with utmost contempt. Of course, women would want their men to be sensitive and caring and gentl e. But when the moment arrives requiring their men to act manfully in their defense, women expect them to be resolute and brave, like the knights of yore who fought for their ladies.In modern times, men no longer have to fight Trojan-like battles. The brutish man of old is replaced by the sociable, outgoing person who prefers to reason out a dispute than resort to violence. It is not, of course, the fault of men, given the conditions under which we now live. Nowadays It Is not unfashionable for men to do the household chores while the women work outside the home. Women are placed at equal footing with the men at the workplace and almost everywhere. Thus, men have been conditioned to think that women can fend for themselves. How many men today would rise up to give their seat to a woman In a crowded bus?How many men would be willing to die defending a woman from an attacker? Only an Isolated Incident Like that In Sunday In the Park, now and then awakens a woman's hidden attitude conc erning the opposite sex. She looks at man as her protector, and If he has to suffer by defending her, sustaining broken glasses and losing teeth In the process, It Is a small price to pay to avoid losing one's Inner peace, for defending one's honor In the face of naked aggression. BY tenanted non-confrontational type of male has become the norm in our society. Nevertheless, and his honor.By taunting Morton in the manner of the bully when he threatened to knish their son, the wife shows her scorn for the weakling in her husband, her utter it is not unfashionable for men to do the household chores while the women work woman in a crowded bus? How many men would be willing to die defending a woman from an attacker? Only an isolated incident like that in Sunday in the Park , looks at man as her protector, and if he has to suffer by defending her, sustaining broken glasses and losing teeth in the process, it is a small price to pay to avoid losing one's inner peace, for defending one's ho nor in the face of naked aggression.

more than camping essays

more than camping essays Are teenager really different these days? I mean I was once a teenager, I must know. All I can remember about being a teenager were that bagging cloths were in, playing sports, and getting good grades for mom and dad. Life seemed simple, going to school and some mischief here there, but what I really wonder was is what kids do, feel, and think these days. Hoping to find some answers I attended a Hmong Seventh-Day Adventist Church camp meeting. The camp meeting includes about 30 teenagers with a good balance of both boys and girls. The age group that I focused on was 15 to 18 year olds. One good aspect of this study was that all the kids were Hmong, in which I was all the more interested in. My duty in the camp meeting was assisting instructors and helping with activities. In my position I able to do my so called one on one "counsel-chatting" with a couple of individuals. This included me chatting one to one with one individual one ideas or subjects and how they feel. In my study I split the ages into two groups, 15 to 16 and 17 to 18 year olds. This is due to the fact that I saw some differences in them. From there I then split the ages into boys and girls. "Boys will be boys" is what I've notice in the age group of boys from 15 to 16. The boys would stick to their little groups, in which made it all the more interesting. These boys seems to "just wanna have fun." One thing that I found interesting was that they want to have fun not to get in trouble, but to build friendships and enjoy eachothers company. Another thing was that the boys liked doing activities better with each and not with the girls and vice versa for the girls too. What is funny is that when they do get together I got that feeling of b ...

Profile of Death Row Inmate Brenda Andrew

Profile of Death Row Inmate Brenda Andrew Brenda Evers Andrew is on death row in Oklahoma for the murder of her husband, Robert Andrew. Brenda Andrew and her lover killed her husband to collect on his life insurance policy after she had tired of the marriage and had several affairs. The Childhood Years Brenda Evers, born on Dec. 16, 1963, grew up in a quiet home in Enid, Oklahoma. The Evers family were devout Christians who enjoyed gathering for family meals, holding group prayers,  and living a quiet life. Brenda was a good student, always earning above-average grades. As she got older, friends remembered her as shy and quiet, spending much of her spare time at church and helping others. In junior high school, Brenda took up baton twirling and attended local football games, but unlike her friends, when the games ended she skipped all the parties and went home. Rob and Brenda Meet Rob Andrew was at Oklahoma State University when he met Brenda, then a high school senior, through his younger brother. They began seeing each other and almost immediately started dating exclusively. After graduating from high school, Brenda attended college in Winfield, Kansas, but left a year later and moved to OSU in Stillwater so that she and Rob could be closer. They married on June 2, 1984. They lived in Oklahoma City until Rob accepted a position in Texas and they relocated. After a few years, Rob wanted to return to Oklahoma, but Brenda was happy with their life in Texas. She had a job that she liked and had formed solid friendships. Their marriage became strained when Rob informed her that he had accepted a job with an Oklahoma City ad agency. Rob returned to Oklahoma City, but Brenda decided to stay in Texas. They remained separated for a few months before Brenda decided to move to Oklahoma. Stay-at-Home Mom On Dec. 23, 1990, the Andrews had their first child, Tricity, and Brenda became a stay-at-home mom, leaving her job and work pals behind. Four years later, their second child, Parker, was born, but by then Rob and Brendas marriage was in trouble. Rob began confiding to his friends and pastor about his failing marriage. Friends later testified that Brenda was verbally abusive to Rob, often telling him that she hated him and that their marriage was a mistake. By 1994, Brenda seemed to have gone through a transformation. The once shy, conservative woman had stopped wearing her shirts buttoned to the neck in exchange for a more provocative look that was usually tight, short, and revealing. A Friend's Husband In October 1997, Brenda began an affair with Rick Nunley, the husband of a friend she had worked with at an Oklahoma bank. According to Nunley, the affair lasted until the following spring, although they continued to stay in contact by phone. The Guy at the Grocery Store In 1999, James Higgins, married and working at a grocery store, met Brenda. He later testified that Brenda showed up at the store in low-cut tops and short skirts and they flirted with each other. One day, she handed Higgins a key to a hotel room and told him to meet her there. The affair continued until May 2001, when she told him, it wasnt fun anymore. They remained friends, and Higgins was hired to do house renovations for the Andrews. The Sunday School Affair The Andrews and James Pavatt met while attending the North Pointe Baptist Church, where Brenda and Pavatt taught Sunday school classes. Pavatt became friends with Rob and spent time with the Andrews and their children at their home. He was a life insurance agent, and in mid-2001 he helped Rob set up a life insurance policy worth $800,000, naming Brenda as the sole beneficiary. Around the same time, Brenda and Pavatt began having an affair. They did little to hide it, even while at church, and were told that they were no longer needed as Sunday school teachers. By the following summer, Pavatt had divorced his wife, Suk Hui. In October Brenda filed for divorce from Rob, who had already moved out of their home. Who Cut the Brake Lines? Once the divorce papers were filed, Brenda became more vocal about her disdain for her estranged husband. She told friends that she hated Rob and wished that he was dead. On Oct. 26, 2001, someone severed the brake lines on Robs car. The next morning, Pavatt and Brenda concocted a false emergency, apparently in hopes that Rob would have a traffic accident. According to Janna Larson, Pavatts daughter, Pavatt persuaded her to call Rob Andrew from an untraceable phone and claim that Brenda was in a hospital in Norman, Oklahoma, and needed him immediately. An unknown male called Rob that morning with the same news. The plan failed. Rob had discovered that his brake lines had been cut before receiving the calls. He met with the police and told them that he suspected that his wife and Pavatt were trying to kill him for the insurance money. The Insurance Policy After the incident with his brake lines, Rob decided to make his brother the beneficiary of his insurance policy instead of Brenda. Pavatt found out and told Rob that he couldnt change the policy because Brenda owned it. Rob then called Pavatts supervisor, who assured him that he was the owner of the policy. Rob told the supervisor that he thought Pavatt and his wife were trying to kill him. When Pavatt found out that Rob had spoken to his boss, he went into a rage and warned Rob not to try to get him fired from his job. It was later discovered that Brenda and Pavatt had attempted to transfer ownership of the insurance policy to Brenda without Robs knowledge by forging his signature and backdating it to March 2001. Thanksgiving Holiday On Nov. 20, 2001, Rob went to pick up his children for the Thanksgiving holiday. It was his turn to be with the kids. According to Brenda, she met Rob in the driveway and asked if he would come in and light the pilot on the furnace. Prosecutors believe that when Rob bent down to light the furnace, Pavatt shot him once, then handed Brenda the 16-gauge shotgun. She took the second shot, ending 39-year-old Rob Andrews life. Pavatt then shot Brenda in the arm with a .22-caliber handgun to help cover up the crime. Two Masked Men Brenda told police that two armed, masked men dressed in black had attacked Rob in the garage and shot him, then shot her in her arm as she ran away. The Andrews children were found in a bedroom watching television with the volume turned up very high. They had no idea what had happened. Investigators also noted that it didnt appear they were packed and ready to spend the weekend with their father. Brenda was taken to a hospital and treated for what was described as a superficial wound. The Investigation Investigators were told that Rob owned a 16-gauge shotgun but that Brenda had refused to let him have it when he moved out. They searched the Andrews home but didnt find the shotgun. A search of the Andrews next-door neighbors home revealed that someone had entered the attic through an opening in a bedroom closet. A spent 16-gauge shotgun shell was found on the bedroom floor, and several .22-caliber bullets were found in the attic. There were no signs of forced entry. The neighbors were out of town when the murder took place  but left Brenda a key to their house. The shotgun shell found in the neighbors home was the same brand and gauge as the shell found in the Andrews garage. On the day of the murder, Pavatts daughter Janna had lent her car to her father after he offered to have it serviced. When he returned it the morning after the murder, the car hadnt been serviced, and his daughter found a .22-caliber bullet on the floorboard. Pavatt told her to throw it away. The .22-caliber round found in Jannas car was the same brand as the three .22-caliber rounds found in the neighbors attic. Investigators also learned that Pavatt had purchased a handgun the week before the murder. On the Run Instead of attending Robs funeral, Brenda, her two children, and Pavatt took off to Mexico. Pavatt called his daughter repeatedly from Mexico, asking her to send them money, unaware that she was cooperating with the FBIs investigation into the murder. In late February 2002, having run out of money, Pavatt and Brenda re-entered the United States and were arrested in Hidalgo, Texas. The following month they were extradited to Oklahoma City. Trials and Sentencing James Pavatt and Brenda Andrew were charged with first-degree murder and conspiracy to commit first-degree murder. In separate trials, they were found guilty and received death sentences. Brenda never showed remorse for her part in murdering her husband and has claimed that she is innocent. On the day that she was formally sentenced, she looked directly at Oklahoma County District Judge Susan Bragg and said that the verdict and sentence were an egregious miscarriage of justice, and she was going to fight until she was vindicated. On June 21, 2007, Brendas appeal was denied by the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals on a 4-1 vote.  Judge Charles Chapel agreed with Andrews arguments that some of the testimony shouldnt have been allowed during her trial.   On April 15, 2008, the  U.S. Supreme Court rejected without comment on Andrews appeal of the appeals courts decision upholding her conviction and sentence. As of November 2018, she was in the  Mabel  Bassett  Correctional  Center  in  McLoud, Oklahoma.

Introduction, Review of Accounting Process and Financial Statements Essay

Introduction, Review of Accounting Process and Financial Statements case assignment 1 - Essay Example Double Entry system of accounting is a standard used to record all the transactions at least in two accounts. This results in the one or more accounts being debited as well as credited. This system of accounting is very effective as it permits more accuracy in checking and also permits more balanced accounts. This is mainly because all the accounts with a debit balance need to equal the credit balance of the accounts as well (Burke & Litwin). The original monetary value of a good is referred to as the historical cost. This has been criticized for a number of inaccuracies. Historical costing does not take into account the gains or losses unless they have been realised. However use of historical costing is very helpful and provides the management with a better view of the fair value of the item or also the market value. This helps the management make more informed decisions and make more educated strategies as well. Although historical costs have been very helpful for the management, there are a number of criticisms that relate to the same as well. It has been noted that historical costs only considers the cost allocations and does not consider the value of the assets. Accrual basis accounting is one where all the transactions, i.e. the incomes and expenses are recorded when the transactions occur. On the other hand, cash basis accounting refers to the transactions that are recorded when the income or expenditure is received or paid. There is no focus on the date of the transaction. However the accrual basis is one of the most popular systems of accounting and is followed by most companies and is also required to be followed by law. The accrual basis of accounting provides a clear picture of the financial state of the business. Current assets and liabilities refer to the short terms assets and liabilities, i.e. those that need to be settled within one year. On the other hand, a non current asset or

Protection of Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Protection of Human Rights - Essay Example Towards this direction it is supported that 'Britain has one of the worst human rights records in Europe and faces investigation over its failure to comply with a series of European court rulings'1. On the other hand, the recognition of human rights in Britain has been often related with specific sectors of the society, like the health sector. In this context, it has been noticed that 'there was much speculation about the potential impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 on established principles of health care practice; now the statute has been "bedded in", predictions that existing good practice would not fall foul of the legislation provided it was demonstrable, have proved to be broadly accurate'2. As it will be explained below, the Human Rights Act 1998 has been extensively transformed through a series of laws that have been published since 1998 (i.e. ... rights in England: 'human rights remain at the heart of the foreign policy agenda and the UK works through international forums and bilateral relationships to spread the values of human rights, civil liberties and democracy'3. This paper will evaluate the development of English law on human rights in comparison with the international law on the specific issue (with a special reference to USA and Australia). In this context, the EU laws and the laws of countries within the international community, like USA and Australia, are going to be examined in order to identify the main elements of human rights law as they are highlighted and respected by countries internationally. The potential conflict among existed legislation will be also discussed (if identified) and appropriate courses of action are going to be suggested. Chapter One In order to understand the criteria used by legislators around the world (including UK) in order to develop the various provisions regulated the human rights we should refer primarily to all aspects of human rights as a concept of significant importance for both governments and public within the international community. In this context, it is stated that human rights can be characterized as 'basic moral guarantees that people in all countries and cultures allegedly have simply because they are people'4. On the other hand, it is supported that 'the term 'human rights' has mainly positive associations (with liberty, security, freedom of expression etc) but there is little understanding of the application of human rights / the HRA to normal life / public service delivery'5. In accordance with the above definitions, human rights should be extensively protected by the law because they are the rights that guarantee the development (personal, social

Childhood obesity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Childhood obesity - Research Paper Example The best control is to train the participants on what is expected of them. The training session will involve coming up with a different mindset that will assist the participants to veer off these destructions until the end of the study (Babbie, 2009). This will apply to the control group. The idea is to gain a great understanding of the instruments in place while making good use of the Obesity and Weight-Loss Quality of Life Instrument in checking out the various domains that affect the way of life for all these individuals. The goal is to establish the valid and reliable scores that emanate from the study. The instrument consists of different checklists that will assist in rating all the answers provided. Test-retest reliability will be carried out to ensure consistency in the results attained. Face validity will be the ideal way of working on the measures accurate enough to assess the ability of the scores to define the results reliably. Interventions will be carried out amongst both the control and dependent variables, working on the ability to systematically assess the changes that can happen when different variables are in place (Cohen, & Arieli, 2011). With the obese participants, there will be some physical activities taking place and a chance to check on the impact this has on their scores after this. The control group will also be divided into two groups, where one takes up physical activities while the other does not (Gorard, 2013). The results will be correlated to check on the impact this will have on obesity issues. Public distress is another area where intervention will take place. This will happen by looking at the major signs that will define the individual as well as contribute to the changes. Counseling will be a part of the intervention, assisting in redefining the effects of obesity on an individual (Babbie, 2009). The data collections methods will be questionnaires and surveys. These are

Micheal Dell Transformational Leadership

Micheal Dell Transformational Leadership Milestones Michael Dell is the founder and CEO of Dell computer corporation that is the worlds largest direct computer company. He is also the youngest person ever to head a Fortune 500 firm.   Michael Dell founded DELL in 1984, and currently serves as the chairman of the Board of Directors and chief executive officer. In 1998, Mr. Dell formed MSD Capital, and he currently serves on the boards of several organizations including the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum, the executive committee of the International Business Council and is a member of the U.S. Business Council, the U.S. Presidents Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, the Technology CEO Council and the governing board of the Indian School of Business in Hyderabad, India. His Skills 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Visionary Micheal Dell saw great opportunity to provide computing technology in a more efficient way. That was the core idea of what became Dell Computer Corporation. He started the business with a simple question How can we make the process of buying a computer better? 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Internal Locus of control and Ability to Learn One of the first things I learned, though, was that there was a relationship between screwing up and learning: the more mistakes I made, the faster I learned. Micheal Dell 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Change-Oriented Behavior Micheal Dell did care for neither only people nor only task, he cared for both. He did not build the business solely on cost or price but also on a sustainable advantage. He cared most for sustaining loyalty among customers and employees, which, as he thought, could only be derived from having the highest level of service and very high-performing products engaging the entire company – from manufacturing to engineering to sales and to support staff – in the process of understanding customer requirements which then became a permanent focus of management energy, training, and employee education. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Downward Consultation Micheal Dell practiced downward consultation; he always gathered opinions about What is the right plan? where believed that its the one that helps identify what DELL needs to do to ensure success. Its the one that rallies DELL employees around a few common goals – and motivates them to achieve those goals. Its one that involves your customers goals and DELLs suppliers goals and brings them all together in a unified focus. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Develop and train People             Micheal Dell knew that employees at every level can help DELL implement its company strategy and achieve goals beyond their immediate area of responsibility, but only if DELL is genuinely devoted to their long-term growth and development.   6.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Action Oriented Leader Micheal Dell believed that planning is nothing without execution. He thought respected planning but yet believed that outputs is what generates profits. What Made Micheal Dell a Successful Leader He knew his goal clearly and steadly focused on it. When he was in college, Michael Dell stated that he wanted to beat IBM. In the following years, he started his own business and constantly achieved his goal no matter what difficulties he faced .Today, Dell Company revenues are about $ 7.8 billion a year. He has passed IBM in annual sales, and is approaching industry leader Compaq. INNOVATOR he was fond of doing something new and took risks. He worked hard to make them work. He also cherished difference and thought difference can breed innovation. He hired a diverse work force in his teams with different views on problems. He has full responsibility either for business or for family and keeps good BALANCES between work and life. He worked hard to create great value for customers, employees and shareholders. He spent his spare time with his wife and kids and wanted to be a great dad and a great husband. Every day he drives his kids to school .he always makes pancakes for his kids. Michael Dell has a powerful vision for the future and develops unique businesss philosophy. He wants his company to have a supreme speed to market; a solid dedication to customer service; a severe assurance of producing high-quality, low-priced, custom-made machines. essential change of his leadership composition In the hyper market competition, Dell realized that he didn’t have all the right skills to change his company into a multi-product, multi-geography. And since he couldn’t manage alone, he should bring in the talent he needed. So, Dell made a decision that he will share his power with his long time partner Kevin Rollins. He developed a new leadership model one company, two CEO’s. Although this co-CEO involved a lot of leadership risks, fortunately, they have done well although they had lots of differences. Micheal Dell Leadership Style His leadership style belongs to transformational leadership because he has a strong ability and desire to break up laws and to change situation completely, and he also has ability to create something new and benefit himself and others. Leadership is about coping with changes. More change always demands more leadership. And since the computer industry field is surrounded with volatile competition, leaders couldnt cope with complexity and change very well, they would go bankruptcy. Fortunately, through his transformational leadership, the company can keep up with the changes of the market, and make more and more progress. He started with nothing , but built a empire and created a fantastic wealth for millions of people. He led his team to create a lot of pioneering activities in the computer industry. He created a low cost, mail order model to sell computers, and helped more and more people realize the power of computing and the internet; he has a good self conscious of his disadvantages, and he knows what he doesnt know. He has a strong moral responsibility for business and family, and keeps a good balance between life and work. He created a new image of young entrepreneur. Lessons Learned A successful leader must have clear goal and powerful vision for the future. He must use his entrepreneur personality to motivate people, communicate with them and influence his followers. He should be able to transform his personal goal and vision into all followers practice. A successful leader must be an innovator. He must be a flexible open mided person who respects difference and encourage his followers to have different ideas and different solutions.   He should have ability to handle change and extract opportunities from it. A successful leader must be courageous; he should have courage to take risks of doing new things and should be eager to pioneer in his field. A successful leader must have strong self conscious. He must admit and identify what he doesnt know and face it. He should learn from mistakes and acquire talents he needs. A successful leader must have high ethical responsibility for both business and private life. He should keep good balance among them. The vision makes Dell computer successful and unique in the world. What is more, Micheal Dell knows how to use the vision to communicate and motivate his employees and get people excited about what he is doing. Dell says   A lot of businesses get off track because they don’t communicate an excitement References http://successfulbusinessleadership.ibc01.com/index.php/learn-from-the-best/michael-dell/ http://www.evancarmichael.com/Famous-Entrepreneurs/646/summary.php http://wyx.cueb.edu.cn/download/disance/unit3/Michael%20Dell.htm

Ramblings from a Rednecks Diary :: Essays Papers

Ramblings from a Rednecks Diary Not since I was three have I been affected by a book this much. When I was a toddler The Berenstein Bears had the influence to make me cry from sadness and scream from fear. In reality I did not actually scream or cry after reading this book, but I was extremely close. In â€Å"Bezhin Lea† I was frightened for Pavlusha when he ran off after the dogs, and I felt real fear when the boys began telling fables of the surrounding areas. In â€Å"Meeting† the girl was so tearful that the urge to jump into the book and comfort her almost overcame me, and never had I wanted to see something bad happen to a person as I did to the bailiff in the â€Å"Bailiff.† My feelings regarding serfs had never been put on such a personal level. Sketches from a Hunter’s Album changed my perspective about serfs and peasants intensely. I do not think his book would have as much impact if it was not for his intense physical and emotional projections of serfs that Turgenev conveys for the reader. Every time a new character is introduced he stops to completely acquaint the reader with the person as much as he is acquainted with the person. Since I truly learned about serfdom, peasantry, and slavery, it has been common for me to generalize them by the statement, â€Å"they suffered,† or â€Å"they were stupid.† After reading just a few sketches, I realized that the serfs are actually human. They are not stupid animals to be pushed around and taken advantage of by their â€Å"mastersâ€Å". It was evident in the first sketch, â€Å"Khor and Kalinych,† that Khor was an intelligent and industrious man, but yet he was only a serf. He had been smart enough to find a way to make money for himself and to afford a pretty heavy rent imposed by his owner. He had enough money but if he actually bought his freedom he would be a small fish in a big pond, but as long as he was serf and rented his own land he was living large. He had his family, his health, and enough to keep everyone happy. It was also evident by this sketch and another â€Å"Lgov† that if a serf had education or intelligence he was able to maintain a certain amount of piece and happiness.